Carbon Equivalent Calculator (CEV, CET, Pcm)
Three published formulas — IIW CEV, EN 1011-2 CET, Ito–Bessyo Pcm — each enforced within its own validity window. Enter the ladle analysis in % by mass. A real GET form: computes correctly with JavaScript off.
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Carbon equivalent — frequently asked
Which formula should I use?
CEV (IIW) is the classic for C–Mn structural steels; CET drives the EN 1011-2 method B preheat calculation; Pcm (Ito–Bessyo) suits modern low-carbon, low-alloy steels. Follow whichever your welding specification names.
What happens to elements the chosen formula does not use?
They are ignored — and the page says so above the fields. Each formula was fitted with its own element set; quietly mixing in extra terms would produce a number no standard defines.
Why does the calculator refuse compositions outside the window?
Because the formulas are empirical fits, only validated inside their published composition windows. Outside them the number still computes — but predicts nothing. The refusal names the exact violated bound instead.