Thermal Expansion
Length change from the coefficient you enter, the original length and ΔT.
Weight, unit conversion and welding calculators — every tool on Steel Equivalents shares the same fast, sourced, print-ready frame. Pick a tool below.

Weight of round steel bars per piece and per metre.

Weight of flat bar, sheet, plate and square-section bar.

OD/ID or OD/wall-thickness — weight of tube and ring stock.

Weight of hex-section bar from across-flats and length.

Nominal mass per metre for standard reinforcement bar sizes.

Weight and remaining length of steel coil from OD, ID and width.

HB / HRC / HV / Rm — lookup table per material class (ASTM A370 / ISO 18265), refused outside its stated range, never a universal formula.

Standard gauge number to millimetre thickness, by sheet type.

Stress and impact-energy unit conversion for mill certificates.
Length change from the coefficient you enter, the original length and ΔT.

Weldability from chemical composition, three standard formulas.

Minimum preheat per EN 1011-2, from CET, thickness and hydrogen scale.

Pitting resistance equivalent number for stainless grades.

Cr-eq and Ni-eq for weld metal — the two WRC-1992 diagram coordinates.
Air-bend force in a standard V-die, from Rm, thickness, length and die opening.
Flat pattern from the K-factor: bend allowance, deduction and outside setback.
Spindle speed and feed rate from your own cutting data — we publish none.
Every formula ships with its standard or textbook source — EN 10025-1, EN 1011-2, ISO 18265. No guessed constants.
Inputs outside a formula's valid range are refused, never silently extrapolated or clamped.
Every calculator is a real form. It computes correctly with JavaScript switched off; JS only adds live recompute.
Yes — every calculator on this page is free, with no account or login required.
Each calculator uses standard engineering formulas with published source references, and the weight calculators use each grade's own measured density rather than a generic constant. Results are for estimation — for critical structural work, always verify against certified mill data.
Yes — every calculator is fully responsive and works without an internet connection once the page has loaded.
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